{"id":939,"date":"2019-11-22T15:37:20","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T08:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/?p=939"},"modified":"2019-11-22T15:42:37","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T08:42:37","slug":"ky-thuat-nuoi-ga-thit-khoa-hoc-an-toan-va-hieu-qua-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/?p=939","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Nu\u00f4i G\u00e0 Th\u1ecbt Khoa H\u1ecdc, An To\u00e0n V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 ( Ph\u1ea7n 2 )"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1.C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho g\u00e0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1.1 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

a) Carbonhydrate<\/p>\n

Carbonhydrate l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbonhydrate c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein ti\u00eau hao, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i protein \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n \u1edf g\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea9n l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 x\u01a1 th\u00f4 \u1edf g\u00e0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c enzym c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u00eau h\u00f3a x\u01a1 th\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 th\u00f4 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p thu c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c, tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd khi\u00ean d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u00edt nhu \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1o b\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u1eafn m\u1ed5 l\u1eabn nhau. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 2,5-5% l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed<\/p>\n

\"dan-ga-3\"<\/p>\n

b) Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 axit linoleic. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Axit linoleic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qua ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Axit linoleic kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ee1 ph\u1ed1t-pho, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m l\u00e0m cho da v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi\u1ebfn g\u00e0 con d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng cao. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit linoleic nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f3c, cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

c) Protein<\/p>\n

\u1ede g\u00e0, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 suy tr\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong. Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c 1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0o, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p thu th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/p>\n

\"dan-ga-4\"<\/p>\n

1.2 Protein<\/strong><\/h4>\n

a) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit amin<\/p>\n

Protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 20 lo\u1ea1i axit amin kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ( l\u00e0 axit amin m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o qua th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit amin kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n

b) Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit amin<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfu th\u1ecb b\u1edfi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin ho\u1eb7c protein ch\u1ee9a trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n. c\u00e1c axit amin trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c protein ch\u1ee9a trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n. C\u00e1c axit amin trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit amin c\u00f3 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p thu th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng cao<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c axit amin<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a axit amin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean protein vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh protein trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00e1c axit amin kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9c \u01b0n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i ngo\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed gi\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit amin, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng prrotein ti\u00eau hao<\/p>\n

1.3 Vitamin<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Vitamin l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a – kh\u1eed, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c enzym v\u00e0 co-enzym<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vitamin m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o qua th\u1ee9c \u0103n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vitamin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho g\u00e0 tuy nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Vitamin c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh : c\u00e1c vitamin tan trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vitamin tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y k\u00edch th\u00edch, v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung vitamin cho g\u00e0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n

\"beo\"<\/p>\n

1.4 N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e0, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, h\u1ea5p thu, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u00e2t th\u1ea3i, tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t. G\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t \u0111i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda protein, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t \u0111i 1\/10 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00e0. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho g\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 6% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qua th\u1ee9c \u0103n, 19% th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 75% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. G\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a k\u00e9m, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh cho g\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n

2 Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, protein, vitamin v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con m\u1ed9t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, protein, vitamin v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i g\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho g\u00e0. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 hay ch\u01b0a, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p sai l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cao. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i g\u00e0, gi\u1ed1ng g\u00e0, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c ki\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

II. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1 Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1.1 Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

a) Ng\u00f4<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u00edt x\u01a1, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u axit linoleic h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3,5-4,5% protein 8,6% tuy nhi\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lysine v\u00e0 tryptophan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. Ng\u00f4 gi\u00e0u tinh b\u1ed9t, ngon mi\u1ec7ng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50-70% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i : ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u cartein gi\u00fap da g\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4 gi\u00e0u protein, ng\u00f4 gi\u00e0u lysine, ng\u00f4 gi\u00e0u phytase v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao, cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

b) L\u00faa m\u00ec<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9a l\u00faa m\u00ec l\u00e0 12,79MJ\/kg. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao ( chi\u1ebfm 12,1%). L\u00faa m\u00ec gi\u00e0u vitamin nh\u00f3m B v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00faa m\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a kh\u00f4ng tinh b\u1ed9t( non Starch polysacharide- NSP) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, cho an nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung glucanase v\u00e0 sylasane v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 30% l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

c)\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 y\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong 2 lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein nh\u00f3m B kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa. Do c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4 x\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao n\u00ean trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n 2 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

d) C\u00e1m m\u00ec<\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m l\u00faa m\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1m m\u00ec kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein trong m\u00e1y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 cao(11-17%). C\u00e1m m\u00ec gi\u00e0u vitamin nh\u00f3m B, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, ngon mi\u1ec7ng, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho g\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 th\u00f4 cao, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

\"nguyen-lieu-2\"<\/p>\n

e) Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7u b\u1eafp, d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i, d\u1ea7u c\u1ecd,… v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o cao nh\u01b0 \u0111a\u1ea1u n\u00e0nh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n, lecithin tinh chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh…lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 2,25 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi carbonhydrate v\u00e0 protein. B\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c vitamintan trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p . T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103ndao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 3-5% c\u00f3 t\u00e1c dugnj gi\u00fap g\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng nhanh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho g\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam lecithin chueets xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh l\u00e0m kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a g\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Lecithin tinh chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a gan, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd khi b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

1.2 Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u protein<\/strong><\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00ean 20% h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 18% t\u00ednh theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u protein chi\u1ebfm 10%- 30% kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u protein c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u proterin c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

a) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u, b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

Do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 40-45%, gi\u00e0u lysine. ngon mi\u1ec7ng, kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 qua ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0 cun g c\u1ea5p protein c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho g\u00e0. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu( b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu) d\u00f9ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 15-25%. Do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng methionine t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, laoij nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00e3 kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit amin v\u00e0 protein d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng protein. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1i (antri-tripsin, saponin, ureae,…) t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i \u1edf kh\u00f4(b\u00e3) \u0111\u1eadu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u00e2t protein.<\/p>\n

b) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u, b\u00e3 l\u1ea1c( \u0111\u1eadu ph\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 protein th\u00f4 trong kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 42-48%, cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, gi\u00e0u arginine v\u00e0 histidine, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lysine th\u1ea5p, ngon mi\u1ec7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 52,47MJ\/kg: \u00edt canxi, gi\u00e0u photpho, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c axit amin kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o cao. T\u00edch tr\u1eef kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho n\u1ea5m aspergillus flavus d\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ecdc afaatoxin( AFT), g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e0. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10%.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"nguyen-lieu-1\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

c) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a trong 2 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 17-29% v\u00e0 38-40%. Trong h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gossypol v\u00e0 acid b\u00e9o cyclopropene l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho \u0103n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3-5%.<\/p>\n

d) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 protein th\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a trong kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i l\u00e0 35-40%, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lysine th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 50% v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh cao h\u01a1n 14% so v\u1edbi b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 th\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm 12%, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 70%. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf 1 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cho g\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do trong kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 myrosinase n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho g\u00e0 \u0103n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5%.<\/p>\n

e) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u v\u1eebng<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u v\u1eebng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u v\u1eebng, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40% gi\u00e0u methionine, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cho g\u00e0, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t protein, th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 5-10% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u v\u1eebng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o , kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u n\u00ean khi mua v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t v\u00e0 cho g\u00e0 \u0103n ngay.<\/p>\n

f) Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 qua b\u00f3c v\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a qua b\u1ecf v\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 qua b\u1ecf v\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 tr\u00ean 40% h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o th\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5%v\u00e0 x\u01a1 th\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi 10%, gi\u00e0u vitamin nh\u00f3m B, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf 1 ph\u1ea7n cho kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cho g\u00e0. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10-20%. Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a qua b\u1ecf v\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho g\u00e0.<\/p>\n

g) B\u1ed9t c\u00e1<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t c\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cung c\u1ea5p protein t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 45-60%, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin cao, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1ed9t c\u00e1 gi\u00e0u vitamin A v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vitamin nh\u00f3m B, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vitamin nh\u00f3m B12, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eaft, canxi, photpho v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf g\u00e0. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c axit amin gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3 quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u00f4i thiu, ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng histamin cao trong b\u1ed1t c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u1ec1( hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00f4n \u0111en) \u1edf g\u00e0. B\u1ed9t c\u00e1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao, hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha tr\u1ed9n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0m nh\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec v\u1eady, khi mua c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n ch\u00e1t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 5-15% l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"nguyen-lieu-3\"<\/p>\n

h) B\u1ed9t m\u00e1u v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn gia c\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e1u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5 protein h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho g\u00e0, ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 80% h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 6-7%, tuy nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u00e8o methionine v\u00e0 isoleucine. B\u1ed9t m\u00e1u k\u00e9m ngon mi\u1ec7ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 1-3% trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n. B\u1ed9t thtij x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 tr\u00ean 40% hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau h\u00f3a protein l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 80% ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lysine, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng methionine v\u00e0 tryptophan kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, gi\u00e0u canxi, photpho v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa canxi, photpho t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 5% trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0.<\/p>\n

i) B\u1ed9t nh\u1ed9ng t\u1eb1m<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t nh\u1ed9ng t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 68% ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u axit amin gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p protein l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho g\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9t nh\u1ed9ng t\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u<\/p>\n

k) B\u1ed9t l\u00f4ng v\u0169<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t l\u00f4ng v\u0169 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein th\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadp g\u1ea7n 80% nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o methionine, lysine, tryptophan v\u00e0 histidine, do \u0111\u00f3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c aixt amin v\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. B\u1ed5 sung b\u1ed9t l\u00f4ng v\u0169 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cho g\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e0 c\u1eafn m\u1ed5 l\u1eabn nhau. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t l\u00f4ng v\u0169 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1-3%.<\/p>\n

1.3 Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ed5 sung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kho\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i th\u1ea3, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu kho\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t, v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i cho g\u00e0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

a) Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung canxi v\u00e0 photpho<\/p>\n

-B\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c dicanxi photphat( CaHPO4) ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 canxi, photpho cao v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u0169a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 dicanxi photphat b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho g\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c \u0103n cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebfu photpho th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 1,5-2,5%.<\/p>\n

-B\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1, b\u1ed9t v\u1ecf s\u00f2, b\u1ed9t v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng: l\u00e0 3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung canxi. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1-2%, g\u00e0\u00a0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 6-7%. B\u1ed9t v\u1ecf s\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 gi\u00e0u canxi, tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9t v\u1ecf s\u00f2 d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1n b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1. B\u1ed9t v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m l\u00e2y lan d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh cao.<\/p>\n

b) Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung natri v\u00e0 clo, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00e8m \u0103n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 0,25-0,3%.<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1t s\u1ecfi<\/p>\n

C\u00e1t s\u1ecfi gi\u00fap g\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong m\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, g\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00e1t s\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 20-30%, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung cho g\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t s\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng tan trong axit clohidric(HCl), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00e0 nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

1.4 Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00e0u vitamin<\/strong><\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0\u00a0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vitamin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3, th\u1ee9c \u0103n xanh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9t c\u00f2,… trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng, c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t, rau d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t c\u1ecf kh\u00f4( b\u1ed9t c\u1ecf linh l\u0103ng, b\u1ed9t l\u00e1 h\u00f2e, b\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng) ;\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cung c\u1ea5p vitamin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung vitamin \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\"tep\"<\/p>\n

1.5 Ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/h4>\n

a) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho g\u00e0 nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt, nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho g\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng, nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho g\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng,… Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, g\u00e0 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i( sau khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n, ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch, c\u1eaft m\u1ecf,…) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung axit amin<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, 2 lo\u1ea1i axit amin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u00e1t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lysine v\u00e0 methionine. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 t\u1ea1p cao. Tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m methionine v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung protein ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m lysine v\u00e0 methionine c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a protein ch\u1ee9a trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n

c) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho g\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m penicilin, streptomycin, chlotrtetracycline, ooxxittetracyline,…<\/p>\n

\"dan-ga-9\"<\/p>\n

d) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng y<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4ng y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00edt, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc , c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ( \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 hooc m\u00f4n, vitamin, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch, kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

e) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung enzym<\/p>\n

Enzym l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Enzym x\u00fac t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a protein, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 cacbonhydrate \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tham gia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam enzym v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau h\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m enzym s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t enzym bao g\u1ed3m amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, phytase,… Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m enzym t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i enzym kh\u00e1c nhau, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh , ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qua tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u enzym c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n( c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng), n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n. c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung enzym hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u enzym. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 glucanase, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 y\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sellulase v\u00e0 pectase c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecd h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cellulase, protease, amylaase, gluco-amylase, glucanase, pectase t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 70% photpho t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng phytate(hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 inositol hesaphophaste- IP6) m\u00e0 g\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phtase \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c photpho d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 photpho d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"dan-ga-8\"<\/p>\n

    f) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

    C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 sinh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u00edch, c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u0103n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n(Em, probiotic) v\u00e0 chees ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    Trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean men r\u01a1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n g\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00f4, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nang cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf khu\u1ea9n E.coli c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1i khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i( l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 70% m\u00f9i h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a amoniac v\u00e0 hydro sunfua(H2S) trong chu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i g\u00e0)<\/p>\n

    g) Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung axit<\/p>\n

    D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebb l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u00e1o c\u00e1c Enzym ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea9y nahnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p thi c\u00e1c ch\u00e1t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 pH trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i: ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung axit t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

    h) Oligosacharide<\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafc t\u00ednh l\u00fd h\u00f3a\u00a0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0: \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc… Ngo\u00e0i ra, do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o oligosaccharide khi v\u00e0o trong d\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Enzym trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7n. Sau khi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 lactobacillus, bififobacterium… s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i oligosaccharide th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n. oligosaccharide c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n sinh l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 E.coli, salmonella,…, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 sinh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u0169a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 oligosaccharide ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    \"dan-ga-6\"<\/p>\n

    i) Sacharicterpenin<\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u00e3 tr\u00e0 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00e3 h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m 30% \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, 30% saponin ttriterpenoid v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. Sacharicterpenin c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u00f3ng oxi h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea9n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfc, ch\u00ec, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn… \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    k) Allixin<\/p>\n

    T\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00e8m \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u1ecfi bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t t\u1ecfi v\u00e0 acillin( ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ecfi) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n, k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00e8m \u0103n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

    l) Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y giun<\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 furoxone( furazolidone), zoalene(dinitolmide), robenidine, hydrochloryde, clopidol, natri humate,… M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y giun c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay phi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    m) Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i pha tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 axit formic, axit axetic, axit propionic, axit butyric, axit lactic, axit benzoic, axit citric, axit sorbic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1. v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 canxi propionate v\u00e0 natri propionate.<\/p>\n

    n) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxi h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hooc-m\u00f4n,…<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    I. Nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt 1.C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho g\u00e0 1.1 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng a) Carbonhydrate Carbonhydrate l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":1157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/congtybinhminh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}